How the gift tax actually works
What is the annual gift-tax exclusion?
In 2026 you can give up to $19,000 per recipient, to as many people as you like, with no tax filing at all. A married couple can "split" gifts and give up to $38,000 per recipient combined. Only amounts above the exclusion matter for tax.
When do I have to file a Form 709?
You file a 709 if you give more than the annual exclusion to any one person in a year (or if you split gifts as a couple). Filing almost never means you owe tax. It just records the excess against your lifetime exemption (about $15 million per person in 2026).
What is the lifetime exemption?
It's the running total you can give away over your life (and at death) before any gift or estate tax applies - roughly $15M per person, $30M per couple, in 2026. Gifts above the annual exclusion draw it down, and the calculator shows how much you've used.
Do these gifts count as the recipient's income?
No. Gifts aren't income to the person receiving them. Any tax is the giver's, and only once the lifetime exemption is used up.
General information, not tax or legal advice. The exclusion and exemption change every year, so check the current numbers with the IRS and your CPA or attorney.